BattleSpace of the Mind: AI, Cybernetics and Information Warfare by Michael J. McCarron

Author:Michael J. McCarron
Language: eng
Format: epub

THE ROCKY ROAD TO GW DETECTION:

The question of Gravitational Waves was for a very long time a controversial topic in Physics. Many doubted they even existed, until confirmed in 2015 by LIGO. The story of the building of LIGO itself is full of ‘intrigue’, ‘disruptions’ and ‘delays.’ The controversies dealing with the detection of Gravitational Waves and general gravity theory and quantum gravity research extends to at least the 1930s, noting the execution by Stalin (a repeated pattern in dealing with the topic of Neuroweapons research in the Soviet Union) of the theoretical physicist Bronstein, then working on advanced theories regarding gravity. The controversy extends to the first claims of actual detection of GW by the American Naval Academy graduate Dr. Joseph Weber.

On Jan 19, 1949 Roger W. Babson founded the Gravity Research Foundation (GRF) dedicated to the science of Gravity, a gravity-centric physics research institute. It was attacked by the scientific community, in part due to faster than light propulsion studies. Because of this villification, Babson moved on to start a new institute to study gravity, although today the GRF enjoys credibility in the scientific community. An interesting aside is that Pascual Jordan, writing on faster than light propulsion using gravity, was an award winner in the GRF’s annual competition for best Gravity-related research paper. Babson’s new Institute for Field Physics (IOFP) was headed by Dr. DeWitte in Chapel Hill, North Carolina (UNC). It started the prestigious General Relativity conferences, which began in 1957, with GR1. The first conference, titled ‘The Role of Gravitation in Physics’, drew such highly regarded physicists as Wheeler and Feynman. Another participant was Joseph Weber. One of the chief questions of this conference was whether gravitational waves can produce work, or energy. Later, it was confirmed they do.

In 1960, Joseph Weber published on how to detect gravitational waves. His idea, among others such as interferometric, was to use a resonant antenna (a hollow cylinder) to detect low frequency gravitational waves. He had built two detectors separated by 950km; one at U of Maryland and the other in Chicago at the Argonne National Laboratory. He was assisted by his students, Dr. Forward and Dr. David Zipoy. Dr. Forward went on to play a seminal role in interferometric methods and with High Frequency Gravitational Waves. In 1969 Weber published a paper claiming to have detected Gravitational Waves. Subsequent to this, attempts at replicating his experiment proved invalid. Because others were not able to replicate his results he was viewed as a fraud by the scientific community, although later rehabilitated and honored at the 2016 ceremony announcing the confirmed existence of gravitational waves. It should be pointed out that the replication attempts were flawed in several respects and were not a genuine replication of his approach. For instance, he used a 3-ton cylinder, others only a 1.5-ton cylinder made of different materials. He placed his in a sealed vacuum, others did not. Gravitational Wave research diminished after this point, while simultaneously being investigated in secret Military Defense projects of the UK-USA and USSR.

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